IP stands for internet protocol, the most important task of the IP protocol is to address and specify the origin and destination of a packet. IP has different versions and standards.
MAC stands for Media Access Control, a unique 48-bit or 64-bit physical address for each network device. MAC Address is defined on network NICs or network cards.
A hypothetical model consists of seven layers where each of these layers has its own task and does its job. The word Interconnectedness means that there is an internal connection in this model.
In general, computer networks are divided into geographical and logical categories. Of course, some people also classify computer networks based on network topologies.
SID stands for security identifiers. In Windows operating systems, there are identifiers called SIDs, which actually determine the security level of users and groups. In the first operating systems created by Microsoft there was no user.
Authentication methods are methods by which a computer system authenticates you. Before we begin, I want to note that many of these elements are not part of network + and I am just explaining these elements for familiarity.